2 Samuel 1:22

Authorized King James Version

From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
מִדַּ֣ם
From the blood
blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animal; by analogy, the juice of the grape; figuratively (especially in the plural) bloodshe
#2
חֲלָלִ֗ים
of the slain
pierced (especially to death); figuratively, polluted
#3
מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙
from the fat
fat, whether literally or figuratively; hence, the richest or choice part
#4
גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים
of the mighty
powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant
#5
קֶ֚שֶׁת
the bow
a bow, for shooting (hence, figuratively, strength) or the iris
#6
יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן
of Jonathan
jehonathan, the name of four israelites
#7
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#8
נָשׂ֖וֹג
turned
to retreat
#9
אָח֑וֹר
not back
the hinder part; hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the west
#10
וְחֶ֣רֶב
and the sword
drought; also a cutting instrument (from its destructive effect), as a knife, sword, or other sharp implement
#11
שָׁא֔וּל
of Saul
shaul, the name of an edomite and two israelites
#12
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#13
תָשׁ֖וּב
returned
to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point);
#14
רֵיקָֽם׃
not empty
emptily; figuratively (objective) ineffectually, (subjective) undeservedly

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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